Amelia Taylor – Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine
Fleas are among the most frequent parasites that infest cats, and they can turn your pet miserable if not treated. Even indoor cats are not entirely out of harm’s way, since fleas may find their way inside through clothing, other pets, or open doors. Having a clue about what to look for early ensures avoiding scratching, skin irritation, and even more severe infections.
⸻
Excessive Scratching or Biting
The most common and initial sign of fleas is persistent scratching. Flea bites itch, irritate, and discomfort mainly around the neck, base of the tail, and thighs. You may also notice your cat biting or licking them repeatedly.
What to do: If scratching is frequent or intense, examine their skin right away. Overgrooming can also result in bald patches or irritated areas.
⸻
Tiny Black Specks on the Skin or Fur
The little black specks you see in your cat’s hair may not be dirt — they’re probably flea droppings, also known as flea dirt. They are small pieces of dried blood that fleas have excreted.
How to check:
- Put the contents of the comb onto a white paper towel and add water drops. If it becomes reddish-brown, it’s flea dirt, indicating a flea infestation.
- Use a flea comb to comb out your cat’s hair, particularly on the neck and tail.
⸻
Red Bumps or Scabs on the Skin
Flea bites may produce small red scabs or bumps, especially on sensitive areas such as the belly, groin, or back legs. Some cats also get flea allergy dermatitis, an allergic skin response that renders even a single flea bite extremely itchy.
What to do: Refrain from scratching or touching the areas and make a vet appointment for treatment and calming medication if inflammation appears severe.
Restlessness or Agitation
Fleas also become more active at night, and incessant biting can make your cat restless or be unable to sleep. You may see your cat pacing, meowing excessively, or jumping quickly up as though startled.
⸻
Fleas Visible Crawling in the Fur
In bad infestations, you may notice fleas hopping rapidly through your cat’s coat. They are tiny, brown, and roughly the size of a sesame seed. They are fast-moving, usually hiding in areas of thicker fur or around the skin.
Tip: Pull apart your cat’s coat and inspect the neck, armpits, and base of the tail — fleas like to congregate where it is warm.
⸻
Hair Loss or Bald Patches
Excessive scratching, licking, or chewing at flea bites may cause hair loss or bald spots. This is particularly frequent in flea saliva allergic cats.
⸻
Pale Gums or Weakness (Severe Infestation)
Fleas are blood-eaters, and in serious cases particularly in kittens it can lead to anemia. Whitish or pale gums, weakness, or lethargy indicate that your cat has lost sufficient blood from flea bites. Immediate vet attention is warranted.
⸻
Fleas in the Home
If your cat’s got fleas, they’ve probably infested your home environment as well. You might notice small jumping bugs on carpets, furniture, or bedding. Flea eggs and larvae can survive in carpets for weeks before hatching and re-infesting your cat.
What to do: Wash your cat’s bedding often, vacuum your floors, and use a vet-recommended flea spray for your home.
