Amelia Taylor – Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine
Cats are professionals at concealing pain. While dogs will whine and limp when they’re injured, cats remain silent and pull away. This is due to their wild origins, where they didn’t want to advertise weakness to predators. So it can be difficult for cat parents to identify when something is amiss. But there are definite indicators that will help you know if your cat is in pain, if you know what to watch for.
Changes in Behavior
When a cat is in pain, the first thing you’ll notice is a change in their usual personality. A friendly cat may suddenly become distant, while a calm cat might become irritable or even aggressive.
Look for:
• Avoiding being touched or hiding under furniture
• Growling or hissing when approached
• Restlessness or pacing
If your cat’s temperament has changed suddenly, it’s worth checking for physical discomfort.
Decreased Appetite
Pain tends to decrease a cat’s appetite for food. If your cat misses meals, takes less food than normal, or refuses water, it may indicate mouth pain, dental problems, or stomach discomfort.
What to do: Observe how long they don’t eat. If it lasts longer than 24 hours, call your vet. Cats can develop liver disease if they remain without food for too long.
Alteration in Movement or Posture
Painful cats tend to move abnormally. They may limp, jump less, or have a hard time climbing their favorite places. Some cats also crouch with an arched back or sit hunched up when they are in pain.
Look for:
• Moving slowly to jump or climb
• Limping or stiffness
• Having a hard time grooming or stretching
• Walking slower or sitting in odd positions
Excessive Grooming or Inability to Groom
Cats tend to lick or bite at the site of pain, particularly if they have arthritis or an injury. Conversely, if grooming is reduced, it could indicate your cat is too tired or in too much pain to do so.
Tip: Check for bald spots or inflamed skin where your cat persistently licks.
Changes in Voice
Painful animals are often noisier than they normally would be. They may yowl, hiss, or meow more loudly or in a different range. Some cats will scream when handled or lifted.
Note: Quiet behavior can also be a flag. If your chatty cat is particularly quiet, it may indicate that he is uncomfortable.
Changes in the Litter Box
Cats can shun the litter box if they’re in pain — particularly if it’s painful to crouch or climb in. They might pee or poop outside the box, not because they’re being naughty but because it’s too painful.
What to do: Watch for accidents and straining in the litter box and get a vet visit immediately to check for urinary tract disease or constipation.
Changes in Breathing or Face
Pain can quietly alter the way your cat appears and breathes.
Indications are:
• Snorting or fast breathing
• Squinting eyes or dilated pupils
• Pinned-back ears or whiskers
• Taut jaw or small eyes
These slight adjustments may tell you more than you recognize.
Sleeping More or Hiding Often
A cat that is suddenly sleeping a lot or hiding excessively may not be lazy — they could be attempting to rest and escape pain. Hiding in dark spaces or not wanting to come out for food or cuddles is generally an indication that they are ill.
